Fuel oil composition



Patented Aug. 19, 1952 Standard -il De'velopment:iGompany, aroma-1..

ration of Delaware N0 Drawing. Application April 7,1950,

Serial No. 154,735

' 2 Claims. (01. 44-72) The present invention relates to an improvementin fuel oils and more specifically to a method of decreasing theemulsification tendency of medium diesel fuel oils.

In selecting fuels for marinediesel engines, heavier and less refinedproducts are generally desired because of their lower cost.Unfortunately, such fuels are especially susceptible to emulsificationwith water, and excessive emulsibility results in placing an undue loadon purifying devices such as centrifuges and filters and can result inaccelerated diesel fuel pump and injector wear and corrosion. Acompromise must be made to arrive at the least costly product which hasadequate resistance to emulsion. In accordance with this invention, itis now possible to treat economically many high emulsibility dieselfuels torender them entirely satisfactory in this respect. The fuelsparticularly suited to the practice of the invention are distillateproducts such as are generally termed "medium diesel fuels, whichthrough lack of refining tend to be unduly susceptible to emulsificationon contact with water. The following inspection data better illustratethe type of fuel suitable for use:

Gravity, A. P. I 29.5 Viscosity at 100 F., S. U. S 51.9 Flash pt., "F192 Aniline pt., "F 158 Cetane No 49 Pour pt., F Sulfur, per cent 1.31Conradson carbon, per cent 1.38 Ash, per cent 0.01 Neutralization No0.19 B. S. & W ....1 0.14

Distillation characteristics at atmospheric messure up to 700 F.

Medium diesel fuels are generally considered to be those withviscosities in the range of about 33 to '75 Saybolt Universal seconds at100 F.

It has now been found that a low-pour, substantially residuum-free,highly emulsifiable fuel, unsatisfactory for marine use, may be renderedsuitable for such use by the incorporation therein of small amounts oflong chain (Clo-C16) primary amines, i. e. decyl amine, undecyl amine,dodecyl amine, tridecyl amine, tetradecyl amine, pentadecyl amine, andhexadecyl amine.

Aromatic amines,'aromatic hydroxy amines, hexyl amine, and benzidenehave been previously proposed to stabilize the pour point of heavy,residual, wax-containing fuel oils. See U. S. 2,216,230 issued October1, 1940, to G. H. B. Davis. However, these amines will not act toovercome the emulsifying tendencies of lighter fuel oils.

The amount of amines added in accordance with the present invention isnot large, being not greater than 0.5% 'by weight. In some cases theaddition of so little as 0.01% has a noticeable effect on theemulsifying tendency of an oil. Generally, a concentration of aminebetween .02 and 0.1% is employed, the range from 0.03 t) 0.05% beingpreferred since in most cases this quantity will reduce the emulsifyingtendency to a low level.

As an example of the use of the present inven-. tion, the followingshould be considered:

Example Relative Emulsify- 1 Tendency Cone. of Additive Fuel Used WeightPercent Medium Fuel nil .005 Coco amine 1 .01 Coco amine 1 Coco amineCoco amine Coco amine Coco amine Coco amine Nonyl Amine 2H+ Ammeen 1Octadecenyl nitrile AM-1l80 4 me sw ar-w sps? OUIDQOOIDD 0 sa e.

1 A mixture of Cur-Cm (principally 012-014) primary saturated amines.

g A mixture of 010-018 secondary saturated amines.

3 01a unsaturated cyanide.

4 Cu saturated primary amine.

From the above data it is evident that the aliphatic amines having 10-16carbon atoms are eminently suitable for reducing the emulsion tendencyof fuel oils, and are considerably superior to nonyl amine having ninecarbon atoms.

7 to C18 saturated primary amine, and also to sec- -A A H A andcontaining 0.05 to 0.10 per cent of a mixture of primary straight chainsaturatedaliphatic alkyl-amines having from 10 to 16 carbon atoms"- andhaving a minimum tendency to cause emulsification of said fuel in waterand of water in said fuel.

2. A composition as in claim 1 wherein the 5 amines have from 12 to 14carbon atoms.

GORDON W. DUNCAN.

. REFERENCES CI TED The following references are of record in the :10file of this patent: substantially free of residual petroleum fractions1 V V UNITED STATES PATENTS Number 'Nan1e Date "2,246,842 1 De GrooteJune 24, 1941

1. AN IMPROVED DISTILLATE MARINE DIESEL FUEL SUBSTANTIALLY FREE OFRESIDUAL PETROLEUM FRACTIONS AND CONTAINING 0.05 TO 0.10 PER CENT OF AMIXTURE OF PRIMARY STRAIGHT CHAIN SATURATED ALIPHATIC ALKYL-AMINESHAVING FROM 10 TO 16 CARBON ATOMS AND HAVING A MINIMUM TENDENCY TO CAUSEEMULSIFICATION OF SAID FUEL IN WATER AND OF WATER IN SAID FUEL.